Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology
1.1 The Discovery of Cells
Microscopy
Cell Theory
1.2 Basic Properties of Cells
Cells Are Highly Complex and Organized
Cells Possess a Genetic Program and the Means to Use It
Cells Are Capable of Producing More of Themselves
Cells Acquire and Utilize Energy
Cells Carry Out a Variety of Chemical Reactions
Cells Engage in Mechanical Activities Cells Are Able to Respond to Stimuli
Cells Are Capable of Self-Regulation
Cells Evolve
1.3 Two Fundamentally Different Classes of Cells
Characteristics That Distinguish Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Types of Prokaryotic Cells
Types of Eukaryotic Cells
The Human Perspective: The Prospect of Cell Replacement Therapy
The Sizes of Cells and Their Components
1.4 Viruses and Viroids
Experimental Pathways: The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
1.5 Green Cells: Volvox, an Experiment in Multicellularity
1.6 Engineering Linkage: Tissue Engineering Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
2.1 Covalent Bonds
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
Ionization
The Human Perspective: Do Free Radicals Cause Aging?
2.2 Engineering Linkage: Radionuclides for Imaging and Treatment
2.3 Noncovalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds: Attractions between Charged Atoms
Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrophobic Interactions and van der Waals Forces
The Life-Supporting Properties of Water
2.4 Acids, Bases, and Buffers
2.5 The Nature of Biological Molecules
Functional Groups
A Classification of Biological Molecules by Function 2.6 Green Cells: Chemical Fertilizers
2.7 Four Types of Biological Molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Building Blocks of Proteins
Primary and Secondary Structures of Proteins
Tertiary Structure of Proteins
Quaternary Structure of Proteins
Protein Folding
The Human Perspective: Protein Misfolding Can Have Deadly Consequences
Experimental Pathways: Chaperones-Helping Proteins Reach Their Proper Folded State
Proteomics and Interactomics
Protein Engineering
Protein Adaptation and Evolution
Nucleic Acids
2.8 The Formation of Complex Macromolecular Structures The Assembly of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles
The Assembly of Ribosomal Subunits
Phase-Separated Compartments
Chapter 3: Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism
3.1 Bioenergetics
The Laws of Thermodynamics
Free Energy
3.2 Enzymes as Biological Catalysts
The Properties of Enzymes
Overcoming the Activation Energy Barrier
The Active Site
Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis
Enzyme Kinetics
The Human Perspective: The Growing Problem of Antibiotic Resistance
3.3 Metabolism
An Overview of Metabolism
Oxidation and Reduction: A Matter of Electrons