This volume analyses the phenomenon of Dalit assertion that India has experienced in recent decades. Describing various forms that it has taken to challenge the hierarchical caste structure, which has historically oppressed the ex-untouchables: grassroots assertions, political parties and middle-class activism, it argues that it is part of the process of democratisation since Independence leading to an upsurge from below. Highlighting the achievements of Dalit assertion, this volume also discusses its weaknesses, limitations and possibilities.