TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE xi

Unit 1 Introduction

1 The Chemical Basis of Life 1

2 Aqueous Chemistry 24

Unit 2 Biomolecules: Structure and Functions

3 Flow of Genetic Information 52

4 Structure of Proteins 85

5 Functions of Proteins 119

6 How Enzymes Work 154

7 Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition 183

8 Lipids and Biological Membranes 215

9 Transport Through Membrane 235

10 Biochemical Signaling 260

11 Carbohydrates 283

Unit 3 Metabolism

12 Metabolism and Bioenergetics 301

13 Glucose Metabolism 329

14 The Citric Acid Cycle 362

15 Oxidative Phosphorylation 385

16 Photosynthesis 411

17 Lipid Metabolism 432

18 Nitrogen Metabolism 464

19 Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Regulation 497

Unit 4 Gene Replication and Expression

20 DNA Replication and Repair 519

21 Transcription and RNA 551

22 Synthesis of Proteins 580

GLOSSARY G-1

ODD-NUMBERED SOLUTIONS S-1

INDEX I-1