This work uses the case study of the medieval Jain community to situate the problem of the processes of 'community formation' under the Mughals in india. The problem is to locate the circumstances of existence of a religious minority in a given plural society ruled by a monarchical dynasty, belonging to another religious minority, when there were no modern, democratic compulsions or secular ethos per se. To be more precise, it examines how multiple cultural-complexities of medieval india were negotiated by the society and rulers.